Literature Review : Efektivitas Terapi Non Farmakologi Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien End Stage Renal Disease Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis

Abstract

Literature Review : Efektivitas Terapi Non Farmakologi Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien End Stage Renal Disease Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis

Nurul Pradita¹, Kiki Hardiansyah Safitri²

¹ Mahasiswa Program Studi NERS, ITKES Wiyata Husada, Jl.Kadrie Oening No 77 Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur

e-mail : nurulpradita478@gmail.com

²Dosen, ITKES Wiyata Husada, Jl.Kadrie Oening No 77 Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur

e-mail : kikihardiansyahs@stikeswhs.ac.id

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: End Stage renal disease (ESRD) bisa disebabkan oleh tekanan darah yang tidak terkontrol  (hipertensi) atau  penyakit ginjal dapat menyebabkan hipertensi. Terapi non farmakologi dapat membantu pasien mengatasi tekanan darah dengan efek samping yang minimal. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi studi literatur efektifitas terapi non farmakologi terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien end stage renal disease. Metode: Desain penelitian Literature  Review, online database adalah jurnal Science Direct, PubMed(NCBI), google scholar. Jurnal yang digunakan dalam kurun kurun waktu 2012-2020, pencarian menggunakan Populasi : pasien ESRD dengan hipertensi, intervensi :terapi non farmakologi, comparison: terapi komplomentar, outcome:penurunan tekanan darah, study design : literature review dan quasi experiment. Hasil: Didapatkan 6893 jurnal, diseleksi menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi,melalui diagram prisma didapatkan menjadi 12 jurnal. Terapi non farmakologi yang digunakan adalah progressive muscel relaxation (4 jurnal); terapi massase (1 jurnal ); terapi music (4 jurnal); intradialitic exercise (4 jurnal) Kesimpulan: Terapi non farmakologi bermakna di dalam studi literature untuk menurunkan tekanan darah yang bekerja dengan prinsip relaksasi, berpengaruh dalam peningkatan hormon endorphin yang menyebabkan pembuluh darah berdilatasi sehingga tekanan darah mengalami penurunan.

Kata Kunci : Terapi Non farmakologi, Hipertensi , End Stage Renal Disease

ABSTRACT

Background: End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) can be caused by uncontrolled blood pressure (hypertension) or kidney disease can cause hypertension. Non-pharmacological therapy can help patients with blood pressure with minimal side effects. Objective: To conduct a literature study on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies in reducing blood pressure of End Stage Renal Disease patients. Method: Literature Review research design, the data were obtained from online database such as Science Direct, PubMed (NCBI), and google scholar in the period of 2012-2020. The Population in this study was ESRD patients with hypertension and the intervention given were non-pharmacological therapies, comparison: commentary therapy, outcome: lowering blood pressure, study design: literature review and quasi experiment. Results: There were 6893 journals, selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria, through the PRISMA diagram they were narrowed down into 12 journals. The non-pharmacological therapies used were progressive muscle relaxation (4 journals); massage therapy (1 journal); music therapy (4 journals); and intradialytic exercise (4 journals). Conclusion: Non-pharmacological therapy is significant in literature studies to reduce blood pressure which works with the principle of relaxation. Further, it has an effect in increasing the endorphin hormone which causes blood vessels to dilate and lead to decreasing blood pressure.

Keywords: Non pharmacological, Hypertension, End Stage Renal Disease